SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则,由它来控制信件的中转方式。
python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。
Python创建 SMTP 对象语法如下:
import smtplib smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )
参数说明:
- host: SMTP 服务器主机。 你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如:dba.cn,这个是可选参数。
- port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 SMTP 服务使用的端口号,一般情况下SMTP端口号为25。
- local_hostname: 如果SMTP在你的本机上,你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。
Python SMTP对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件,语法如下:
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]
参数说明:
- from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。
- to_addrs: 字符串列表,邮件发送地址。
- msg: 发送消息
这里要注意一下第三个参数,msg是字符串,表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题,发信人,收件人,邮件内容,附件等构成,发送邮件的时候,要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。
实例
以下是一个使用Python发送邮件简单的实例:
#!/usr/bin/python import smtplib sender = 'from@fromDOMain.com' receivers = ['to@todomain.com'] message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com> To: To Person <to@todomain.com> Subject: SMTP e-mail test This is a test e-mail message. """ try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print "Successfully sent email" except SMTPException: print "Error: unable to send email"
使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件
Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将mimeText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下:
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText mailto_list=["YYY@YYY.com"] mail_host="smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器 mail_user="XXX" #用户名 mail_pass="XXXX" #口令 mail_postfix="XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀 def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list:收件人;sub:主题;content:邮件内容 me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">" #这里的hello可以任意设置,收到信后,将按照设置显示 msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='gb2312') #创建一个实例,这里设置为html格式邮件 msg['Subject'] = sub #设置主题 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) try: s = smtplib.SMTP() s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器 s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器 s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件 s.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return False if __name__ == '__main__': if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","<a href='http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi'>小五义</a>"): print "发送成功" else: print "发送失败"
或者你也可以在消息体中指定Content-type为text/html,如下实例:
#!/usr/bin/python import smtplib message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com> To: To Person <to@todomain.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format <b>This is HTML message.</b> <h1>This is headline.</h1> """ try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print "Successfully sent email" except SMTPException: print "Error: unable to send email"
Python发送带附件的邮件
发送带附件的邮件,首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例,然后构造附件,如果有多个附件,可依次构造,最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。
from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart import smtplib #创建一个带附件的实例 msg = MIMEMultipart() #构造附件1 att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312') att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#这里的filename可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字 msg.attach(att1) #构造附件2 att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312') att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"' msg.attach(att2) #加邮件头 msg['to'] = 'YYY@YYY.com' msg['from'] = 'XXX@XXX.com' msg['subject'] = 'hello world' #发送邮件 try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect('smtp.XXX.com') server.login('XXX','XXXXX')#XXX为用户名,XXXXX为密码 server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string()) server.quit() print '发送成功' except Exception, e: print str(e)
以下实例指定了Content-type header 为 multipart/mixed,并发送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件:
#!/usr/bin/python import smtplib import base64 filename = "/tmp/test.txt" # 读取文件内容并使用 base64 编码 fo = open(filename, "rb") filecontent = fo.read() encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent) # base64 sender = 'webmaster@tutorialpoint.com' reciever = 'amrood.admin@gmail.com' marker = "AuniqUEMARKER" body =""" This is a test email to send an attachement. """ # 定义头部信息 part1 = """From: From Person <me@fromdomain.net> To: To Person <amrood.admin@gmail.com> Subject: Sending Attachement MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s --%s """ % (marker, marker) # 定义消息动作 part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit %s --%s """ % (body,marker) # 定义附近部分 part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\" Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s %s --%s-- """ %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker) message = part1 + part2 + part3 try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message) print "Successfully sent email" except Exception: print "Error: unable to send email"